The trabecular meshwork is a specialised structure located between the iris and the base of the cornea. It regulates eye pressure by draining the aqueous humour.

Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD) is an umbrella term which describes a spectrum of disorders originating from maldevelopment of the anterior segment and usually associated with an increased risk of glaucoma

Axenfeld-Reiger anomaly is a form of anterior segment dysgenesis with increased risk of glaucoma development. The main ocular feature is posterior embryotoxon. Other features include iris and pupil abnormalities. Axenfeld-Reiger syndrome is ARA with dental defect, craniofacial anomalies and redundant periumbilical skin.

Peters anomaly is a form of anterior segment dysgenesis characterised by central corneal opacity, with iridocorneal and/or keratolenticular adhesions. Peters Plus syndrome is characterised by Peters anomaly with cleft lip, cleft palate, developmental delays and short limbs.

Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma that occurs in babies and young children. It is caused by an increase in eye pressure resulting in damage of the optic nerve. Treatment usually involves surgery to reduce the eye pressure to halt damage to the optic nerve.

Primary congenital glaucoma is characterised by corneal oedema, buphthalmos, Haab striae, optic disc cupping. Treatment is usually surgical.

Anterior segment dysgenesis is an umbrella term that describes eye conditions that are caused by malformation in any one or multiple structures of the anterior segment, which usually includes the sclera, cornea, iris, trabecular meshwork and lens.